Haɓakar Farashin Takardu Yana Ƙarfafa Bambance-bambance A Masana'antar Buga

Farashin farashi, hauhawar farashin, da kuma daga baya shekaru na farashin farashin siginar murya, yawancin ƙananan abokan hulɗa waɗanda suka yi magana game da "takarda" a zahiri sun rushe. Wannan tashin farashin farashin ba shi da tabbas. Menene dalilan hauhawar farashin kuma makomar zata tashi? Marubucin wannan labarin, Ma Xiaobo, yana da shekaru 15 na gogewar aiki a masana'antar takarda. Yanzu shi ne darektan tallace-tallace na kowa da kowa Zhihe (Beijing) Network Technology Co., Ltd. Bari mu ji abin da ya ce.

Daga karshen 2016 zuwa karshen 2017, wannan guguwar farashin takarda ya tashi da sauri. Saurin haɓakar farashin takarda a kasuwa ya haifar da tsakiyar{3}}rafi da kamfanonin ƙasa ba su narkar da hauhawar farashin farashi ba, kuma sanarwar ƙarin farashin mai biyo baya ta riga ta iso. Jin karuwar farashin wannan takarda yana da hauka musamman kuma ba za a yarda da shi ba. Haɗin farashin takarda na ƙarshe shine a cikin 2009{14}}2010. A wancan lokacin, karin farashin takarda ya kasance ne ta hanyar albarkatun kasa. Bayan hauhawar farashin kayan masarufi irin su fulawa na itace, injinan takarda ya fara tashin farashin. A wannan yanayin, kamfanonin da ke ƙasa Akwai tsammanin tunani kuma yana da sauƙin karɓar sakamakon karuwar farashin. Haɓakar haɓakar farashi daga ƙarshen 2016 zuwa ƙarshen 2017 shine farawa tare da farashin gama takarda kuma farashin ɓangaren litattafan itace yana baya. Wannan yana da alama haɓakar hauka na farashin takarda a cikin tsakiyar rafi da kamfanonin ƙasa, kuma canje-canjen farashin ba su da kwatsam. A cikin rudani, farashin takarda ya tashi daya bayan daya.

Nau'o'in takarda daban-daban suna da farashin farashi daban-daban. An fara ƙaddamar da ƙananan takaddun marufi na ƙarshe, irin su takarda na ƙwanƙwasa da kraft takarda na yau da kullun, kuma nazarinsu daga mahallin mahalli ya samo asali ne saboda tasirin guguwar muhalli a ƙarshen 2016. Musamman, ƙanana da matsakaita{3} da yawa masu girman takarda a yankin arewa suna da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iska kuma ƙarfin sarrafa gurɓacewarsu yana da rauni sosai. Suna iyakance kai tsaye zuwa samarwa ko rufewa.

Duk da haka, buƙatar takardun marufi na ci gaba da nuna karuwa mai yawa saboda tasirin sabon tattalin arziki. Wannan ya haifar da karuwa mai yawa a farashin takarda. Sau ɗaya a kan kowace tan 2000 na takarda ya tashi zuwa matsakaicin yuan 5,000 kan kowace tan.

Yin takarda kanta masana'antar kadara ce mai nauyi. Yana ɗaukar lokaci daga farkon samarwa zuwa samarwa zuwa samar da ingantaccen samarwa. Saboda yawan ayyukan yin takarda da aka kaddamar a shekara ta 2008, yawancin kamfanonin da ke yin takarda a cikin gida sun kasance a cikin ƙananan riba ko ma asarar kudi tun 2011. A lokacin, ƙarfin samarwa ya yi yawa kuma kayan aiki ya yi yawa. Wannan dai na faruwa ne kai tsaye sakamakon yadda, baya ga aikin farar kwali na Jiangxi Chenming, farar kwali, da takarda mai rufi, da takardar kashe kudi ba su da wani sabon karin karfin aiki a kasar Sin a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma yawan kayayyakin da ake samu na SME guda daya yana raguwa. A wannan yanayin, kasuwar manyan kamfanonin kera takarda da dama a kasar Sin ya kara karuwa, kuma a tsakanin masu yin takarda akwai damar cire farashin kayayyakin da aka gama a hankali.

A cikin 'yan kwanakin nan, kamfanoni da yawa sun bushe farashin kayan masarufi na al'adu da na farar kati. Duk da haka, ina tsammanin halin da ake ciki na karuwar farashin ya rage a gani. An fara daga tashin cikin takarda da aka gama a cikin gida, farashin ɓangaren itace kuma ya karu. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, farashin katako na cikin gida a kololuwa ya fi na kasashen waje da fiye da kashi 30%, wanda ya haifar da ci gaba da karuwa a cikin adadin da ake shigo da shi daga waje. A mahangar da muke gani a halin yanzu, buqatar kasuwar gaba xaya ba ta da qarfi, farashin hulba ya tsaya tsayin daka, farashin hulba shi ma ya kai wani matsayi mai girma, kuma adadin takardun da aka gama shigo da su ya ci gaba da karuwa. Daga ra'ayi na wadata da buƙata, babu yiwuwar ƙara karuwa.

A lokaci guda kuma, a farkon 2018, farin kwali na gida, takarda mai rufi, da takarda mai ninki biyu{1}, farashin kasuwa ya juya baya, kuma farashin yana tashi ƙasa ko faɗuwa akai-akai, amma saboda masana'antar takarda na waɗannan nau'ikan takarda sun fi dacewa. Yana da wuya cewa farashin zai ragu sosai. Hakazalika, ƙarfin samar da ƙananan takardu{4}}ƙarshen ba shi da iyaka, kuma yadda jihar ke kula da shigo da takardar sharar gida da rarrabuwar sharar ƙasa na ƙara daidaitawa. Musamman, babban birnin cikin gida yana da hannu a cikin kasuwar sharar gida, wanda ke yin farashin albarkatun ƙasa don ƙaramin{6}} takarda marufi. Tasirin ribar hasashe, mitar da sauye-sauyen farashin zai karu, wanda zai haifar da hauhawar farashin takarda. Wannan shi ne sananne musamman a cikin 2018.

A gaskiya ma, daga mahangar ci gaban kasuwar bugu na cikin gida, na yi imanin cewa hauhawar farashin takarda abu ne mai kyau. A cikin 2016 da 2017, farashin takarda ya hau da ƙasa. Kodayake an haifar da wahalhalu da yawa kuma wasu kamfanoni ba su iya jurewa ba, manyan kamfanoni masu inganci sun sami ƙarin dama don ci gaba. Waɗannan kamfanoni sun sami tabbataccen odar kasuwanci, isassun kuɗi, da jin daɗi. Takardar tana ba da tsaro da ingantattun farashin sayayya. Hakazalika, wasu ƙananan ƴan kasuwa masu ƙanƙanta za su rasa ƙwazonsu a shekara ta 2016 da 2017. Za su ga cewa ba su da wata fa'ida a cikin tafiyar hawainiya, ko ma a tilasta musu ficewa daga kasuwa. Ana canja wurin odar asali zuwa manyan kamfanoni masu inganci. Tashin farashin takarda ya dagula rarrabuwar kawuna a masana'antar buga littattafai, kuma tasirin da ke tattare da rayuwar masu fa'ida ya fi fitowa fili. Ana sa ran shekarar 2018 ita ma za ta zama shekarar da kamfanonin bugawa za su yi garambawul.

Kamar yadda muka sani, gurɓacewar da masana'antar takarda ke haifarwa ya fi tsanani. Wannan kuma wani muhimmin al'amari ne na karuwar farashin. Ina tsammanin cewa bayan wannan tashin hankali na farashin, duk al'ummarmu za ta dauki nauyin kare muhalli, wanda ke nufin cewa farashin takardun da ke gaba zai koma mafi ƙasƙanci a tarihi. Yana da wuya mu kawo koren launi a nan gaba. A cikin takarda - masana'antun kera, bugu da tattara kaya, al'umma na ci gaba da narkar da farashin kare muhalli. Wannan kuma abu ne mai kyau.

Baya ga inganta bambance-bambancen masana'antu, a wannan karon haɓakar farashin takarda a zahiri ya fallasa matsalolin da ake samu a cikin duka sassan masana'antar bugu da marufi. A matsayin masana'antar masana'anta na gargajiya, masana'antar bugawa tana da alaƙa da tattalin arzikin gaba ɗaya. Kowace masana'antu tana buƙatar goyon bayan masana'antar bugu da tattara kaya. Don haka, al'amuran masana'antar bugunmu da marufi suna da kyau sosai, amma ina ainihin takamaiman jagorar? Idan muka haɓaka zuwa masana'antar hasken gargajiya kawai, ba za mu iya ganin kyakkyawan fata ba. Dole ne mu bincika hanyoyin da za mu ƙara ƙima, inganta inganci ta hanyar Intanet, da kuma yadda ake amfani da manyan kayan fasaha da fasaha don ƙara ƙimar ƙima{5}}

Masana'antar bugawa masana'anta ce mai sarkakiya. Zai iya ƙunsar kayan aiki da matakai kuma ya ƙunshi bangarori daban-daban. Kuma ina ganin ya kamata mu gane cewa sana’ar bugawa tana ƙara fuskantar sauye-sauye a cikin buƙatun ƙasa. Buga da ya gabata na iya zama ƙarin aikin mai ba da sabis na sarrafawa, amma yayin da buƙatun ƙasa ke canzawa sosai, muna da dogaro sosai a matsayin masu ba da sabis, kuma kasuwa tana ciyar da masana'antar gaba, don haka dole mu matsa kuma dole ne mu kasance iri ɗaya.

Wani ya ambata cewa wani canji mai ban sha'awa da aka kawo ta wannan hauhawar farashin shine muryar kamfanonin bugawa da takarda{0}} kamfanoni suna canzawa. Yin takarda masana'antar kadara ce mai nauyi sosai. Dangane da babban jari, ma'auni, da sauransu, kamfanonin takarda suna da fa'ida fiye da kamfanonin bugawa. Don haka, farashin takarda ya tashi ko faɗuwa tun daga shekara ta 2000 zuwa 2015, kuma ana amfani da shi azaman jawabin kamfanin buga a ƙasan sarkar masana'antu. Ƙarfin yana da ƙananan ƙananan. Amma masana'antu suna canzawa kuma kamfanoni suna canzawa. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan mun ga manyan kamfanonin buga littattafai da yawa a hankali an jera su, kuma sun sami ci gaba mai kyau ta hanyar ƙarfafa jari. Saboda haka, yawancin kamfanonin bugawa yanzu suna da wani haƙƙin yin magana. Wannan zai ƙara fitowa fili a cikin ci gaba mai zuwa. Yadda za a mai da hankali kan muryar masana'antun Indiya ma wani yanayi ne da kamfanonin kera takarda ke fuskanta.

A farkon 2017, na'urar buga takardu ta fara kasuwancin farantin takarda kuma ta fara bincika yadda za mu hada kai da kamfanonin samar da takarda, masu rarrabawa, da kamfanonin bugawa. Muna fatan yin amfani da Intanet don gina gadoji don haɓaka ingantaccen masana'antu. A cikin sama da ƙasa na farashin takarda, yawancin kamfanoni masu bugawa za su ga cewa saboda asymmetry na bayanai, suna da wasu iyakancewa a cikin yanke hukunci na kasuwanni, ƙuntatawa akan samar da bayanai, ƙarfafa masu kaya, da dai sauransu Muna fatan bugawa. Gida na iya ba da sabis don kamfanonin bugu da gina tsarin sayayya wanda ke ba da amintaccen, ƙwararru, da ƙarin bayanan sabis na samar da sabis ga kamfanonin Indiya, yana ba mu cikakkiyar damar sabis na inganci. Wannan ita ce alkiblar mu.